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MGBL

Indications

MGBL is indicated for the treatment of neuropathic pain, specifically:

• Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain (DPNP): Chronic pain associated with diabetic neuropathy
• Post-Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN): Persistent pain following shingles (herpes zoster) infection

Mechanism of Action

Mirogabalin besylate is a gabapentinoid that works by binding to the α2δ subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system. This mechanism helps to reduce the release of neurotransmitters involved in pain signaling, thereby providing relief from neuropathic pain.

Dosage and Administration

• Dosage should be individualized based on the patient's condition, response to treatment, and tolerability
• The recommended starting dose and titration schedule should be determined by the healthcare provider
• Can be taken with or without food
• Dosage adjustments may be necessary for patients with renal impairment
• Do not stop taking MGBL abruptly without consulting your doctor

Important Warnings and Precautions

• May cause dizziness, somnolence, and fatigue - use caution when driving or operating machinery
• May cause peripheral edema (swelling)
• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment - dosage adjustments may be required
• Inform your doctor if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs
• Do not consume alcohol while taking this medication without consulting your doctor

Side Effects

Common side effects may include dizziness, somnolence (sleepiness), fatigue, peripheral edema, weight gain, and headache. Less common but serious side effects may include allergic reactions, suicidal thoughts or behavior, and severe dizziness. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any severe or persistent side effects.

Contraindications

MGBL should not be used in patients with known hypersensitivity to mirogabalin besylate or any of its components. Use with caution in patients with severe renal impairment.

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APTIOM (Eslicarbazepine Acetate)

Indications

Aptiom is primarily indicated for the treatment of partial-onset (focal) seizures in patients with epilepsy. It can be used as adjunctive therapy or as monotherapy depending on the patient's condition and healthcare provider's recommendation.

Mechanism of Action

Aptiom works by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, which helps reduce the excessive electrical activity in the brain that causes seizures.

Dosage and Administration

• The recommended starting dose is typically 400 mg once daily
• Dosage may be increased based on clinical response and tolerability
• Can be taken with or without food
• Dosage adjustments may be needed for patients with renal impairment

Important Warnings and Precautions

• May cause dizziness, drowsiness, or coordination problems
• Do not drive or operate machinery until you know how Aptiom affects you
• May cause skin reactions - seek medical attention if rash develops
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking
• Regular monitoring may be required during treatment

Side Effects

Common side effects may include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, headache, fatigue, and coordination problems. Contact your doctor if you experience any severe or persistent side effects.

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Brivera (Brivaracetam)

Indications

Brivera (Brivaracetam) is used alone and in combination with other medications to control partial onset seizures (seizures that involve only one part of the brain) in:

• Adults with epilepsy
• Children with epilepsy
• Infants 1 month of age and older

The injection form is used when oral administration is temporarily not feasible.

Mechanism of Action

Brivera works by binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in the brain, which is believed to play a role in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and seizure control.

Dosage and Administration

Tablets:

• Available in 10mg, 25mg, 50mg, and 100mg strengths
• Dosage is individualized based on patient age, weight, and response to treatment
• Usually started at 50mg twice daily for adults, may be adjusted based on response
• Can be taken with or without food
• Dosage adjustments may be needed for patients with hepatic or renal impairment

Oral Solution (10mg/ml):

• Shake well before use
• Measure with provided dosing device or oral syringe
• Dosage should be individualized based on patient needs
• Can be taken with or without food

I.V. Injection (50mg/5ml):

• Administered intravenously by healthcare professionals
• Used when oral administration is temporarily not feasible
• Dosage should be equivalent to oral dosage
• Should be administered under medical supervision

Important Warnings and Precautions

• May cause dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, and coordination problems
• Do not stop taking abruptly - may increase seizure frequency
• May cause psychiatric symptoms including irritability, anxiety, and depression
• Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity reactions
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking
• Regular blood tests may be recommended during treatment

Side Effects

Common side effects may include dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and coordination problems. Less common but serious side effects may include psychiatric symptoms and hypersensitivity reactions. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any severe side effects.

Special Populations

• Dosage adjustments may be needed for elderly patients
• Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment
• Renal dosage adjustments may be necessary
• Discuss with your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant

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Eplipsa (Levetiracetam)

Indications

Eplipsa (Levetiracetam) is indicated for the treatment of:

• Partial-Onset Seizures: Used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial-onset seizures in adults and children 1 month of age and older with epilepsy
• Myoclonic Seizures: Used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of myoclonic seizures in adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
• Primary Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures: Used as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures in adults and children 6 years of age and older with idiopathic generalized epilepsy

Mechanism of Action

Levetiracetam's exact mechanism of action is not fully understood. It is believed to work by binding to synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A) in the brain, which may help regulate neurotransmitter release and reduce abnormal electrical activity that leads to seizures.

Dosage and Administration

Tablets:

• Available in 250mg and 500mg strengths
• Dosage is individualized based on patient age, weight, and response to treatment
• Usually started at a low dose and gradually increased
• Can be taken with or without food
• Dosage adjustments may be needed for patients with renal impairment

Oral Solution (100mg/ml):

• Shake well before use
• Measure with provided dosing device or oral syringe
• Dosage should be individualized based on patient needs
• Can be taken with or without food

I.V. Injection (500mg/5ml):

• Administered intravenously by healthcare professionals
• Used when oral administration is temporarily not feasible
• Dosage should be equivalent to oral dosage
• Should be administered under medical supervision

Important Warnings and Precautions

• May cause dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, and coordination problems
• Do not stop taking abruptly - may increase seizure frequency
• May cause psychiatric symptoms including irritability, anxiety, depression, and behavioral changes
• Monitor for signs of hypersensitivity reactions
• Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking
• Regular blood tests may be recommended during treatment
• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment - dosage adjustments may be required

Side Effects

Common side effects may include dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, headache, coordination problems, and behavioral changes. Less common but serious side effects may include psychiatric symptoms, hypersensitivity reactions, and severe dizziness. Contact your doctor immediately if you experience any severe side effects.

Special Populations

• Dosage adjustments may be needed for elderly patients
• Use with caution in patients with renal impairment - dosage adjustments are necessary
• Discuss with your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant
• Can be used in children 1 month of age and older for partial-onset seizures